The Electoral
system in India is borrowed from the operation in Great Britain. Representation
of the Peoples Act, 1950 deals with subjects like administrative machinery for
conducting election, the poll by-election etc.
Representation of
the Peoples Act, 1951 which provides for qualification of voters, preparation
of electoral rolls and other concerned matters.
The Electoral
system is based on adult suffrage, where by every citizen of India who is not
less than 18 years. There are only single-member territorial constituencies and
no functional or plural constituencies.
The Voter Identity
Card was introduced in 1993.
Election commission: is a body charged with overseeing
the implementation of election procedures. The exact name used varies
from country to country, including such terms as "electoral commission",
"central election commission", "electoral branch"
or "electoral court".
Each territorial
constituency elects a single representative by a simple majority vote. It is
not necessary for a candidate to secure an absolute majority.
The candidate who
secures the largest number of votes is declared elected. The Election
Commission is a permanent and independent body established by the Constitution
of India.
The first Chief
Election Commissioner of India was Mr. Sukumar Sen. in 1952 in
India.
First General
Election Commissioner was held The Election Commission recognized as a State Party
and National Party.
Chief Election
Commissioner consists of one chief election commissioner and two election
commissioner.
It delimits the
constituencies for elections and allots the number of seats to each of them.
It fixes the
election programme-dates, the number of polling booths and the declaration of
the results.
It advices the
President or the Governor on all electoral matters, including questions
relating to the disqualification of the members.
It prepares
guidelines for a code of conduct for candidates, political parties and voters.
It fixes the
limits of election expenses and examines the accounts of the electoral
expenditure.
It determines the
criteria for recognizing political parties and decides their election symbols.
The term of the
Chief Election Commissioner is for 6 years or till he/she attains the age of 65
years, whichever is earlier. He/she can be removed from the office in the same manner
as the Judges of the Supreme Court.
He/she is not
eligible for re-appointment. His/her salaries and allowances are met from the
Consolidated Fund of India.
ARTICLES
•Article 324: Superintendence, direction
and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
•Article 325: No person to be ineligible
for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on
grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
•Article 326: Elections to the House of
the people and to the Legislative Assemblies or States to be on the basis of
adult suffrage.
•Article 327: Power of Parliament to make
provisions with respect to elections to such Legislature.
•Article 328: Power of Legislature of a
State to make provisions with respect to elections to such legislature.
•Article 329: Bar to interference by
courts in electoral matters.
•Article 324: of the Constitution provides
that the power of superintendence, direction and control of the elections to
the Parliament, State Legislature, the office of the President and
Vice-President of India, shall be vested in the Election Commission.
Official Website: Election Commission of India.
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