1. JavaScript
It seems
impossible to be a software developer these days without using JavaScript. The
first one in the list is JavaScript, it seems impossible to imagine software
development without JavaScript.
Looking at
the Stack
Overflow’s 2018 Developer Survey, JavaScript is the most popular language among
developers successively for 6 years. And around 65% of them have used this
language in the past year.
Primarily,
JavaScript is light weighed, interpreted and plays a major role in front-end
development. Even some of the major social media platforms believe that
JavaScript provides an easy way to create interactive web pages smoothly and is
career-driven.
JavaScript is
most preferred because of its compatibility with all the major browsers and is
really flexible with the syntax it holds. Being a Front-end language,
JavaScript is also used on the server-side through Node.js.
Above all make
JavaScript loveliest programming language among the beginners.
2. Python
This may
surprise you; I have kept python on number #2, in many of the surveys it is
positioned on number #5. But, I will definitely let you believe, here’s why?
Python is one
of the general purpose, user-friendly programming language here on my list.
What makes it so? Like Java, Python syntax is clear, intuitive and almost
similar to the English language. Python’s “object-based” subset is somewhere
similar to JavaScript.
According to
Stack Overflow, there is one section which says “To be adopted or
migrated to be—or to migrate too soon”, and for python, it’s 12% which is
highest. Broadly, people who have migrated to python are close to 42%, which
signifies it to be at number #2.
If you are
interested in making your career in back-end development, like Django – Open
source framework, is written in python, which makes it easy to learn and
feature-packed, yet popular. Also, python has a variety of applications that make
it a versatile and powerful.
Being so
popular in areas like scientific computing, and machine learning and
engineering, Python supports a programming style that uses simple functions and
variables without much interrogating in class definitions.
3. Java
If anybody asks
why java, most frequent sentence comes up would be “write once, run everywhere”
– Java has been the ruling programming language for the last 20 years. Java is
99% object-oriented and is robust as java objects contain no references to data
external to themselves. It is simpler than C++ because Java uses automatic
memory allocation and garbage collection.
Java is highly
cross-platform compatible or platform independent. Since you can code anywhere
(I mean on all devices), compile into low-level machine code, and finally,
execute on any platform using JVM – Java Virtual Machine (which is platform
dependent).
Java forms the
base for the Android operating system and opted around 90% fortune 500 companies for making a variety of
back-end applications. I would not hesitate for taking the biggest sensation
Apache Hadoop data processing, run by Amazon Web Services and Windows Azure.
With so many
good reasons and a wide range of business applications, possessing immense
flexibility and java is all time beginners’ favorite.
“Old is gold” –
C has proved this quote in different ways. Being introduced in the late 1970s,
C has made a strong contribution to the world of programming.
C has been the parent language of a handful; some are either derived from C
or inspired by its syntax, constructs, and paradigms, including Java,
Objective-C, and C#.
Even, nowadays,
it is seen, whenever there is a need to build high-performance applications, C
remains the most popular choice.
Linux OS is C
based. And CPP is the hybrid version of C. C++ is an object-oriented
programming language and which is built on C; therefore it is preferred over
others for designing higher-level applications.
C++ is seeing
as more performing than dynamically typed languages because the code is
type-checked before it is executed on real grounds. Core areas of developments
are Virtual Reality, gaming, computer graphics etc.
5. PHP
This fact would
seriously amaze you, the language which was created for a purpose of
maintaining Personal Home Page (PHP) for Rasmus, have actually taken over
around 83% of websites globally by today.
PHP stands for
Hypertext Preprocessor, is a general-purpose programming language. Clearly, PHP
is a scripting language, which runs on a server, and it is used to create web
pages written in HTML. It is popular because it is free, cheap, easy to set up
and simple to use for new programmers.
PHP is a very
strong option for web developers around the globe. It is widely used to create
dynamic web page content, and images used on websites. It’s hitting on number
#5 because of its broad range of usage. Also, PHP is well dressed for WordPress
CMS (Content Management System).
One of the
reason, it has lagged down to number #5, PHP downgrades the website performance
and affects the loading time.
6. Swift
Next on the
list is Swift. As smooth as its name, Swift is a general-purpose, open-source,
compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. If you are looking
develop to native iOS or Mac OS apps then, Swift is barely needed for its
development.
Swift is deeply
influenced by Python and Ruby and was designed to be beginner-friendly and fun
to use. Swift is considered to be a faster, more secure, and easier to read and
debug than its predecessor Objective-C.
Unlike
Objective-C, Swift requires less code, resembles with natural English. Hence,
it becomes easier for existing techies from JavaScript, Java, Python, C#, and
C++ to switch to Swift without hassle.
Besides this,
some of the challenges are its limited talent pool. You may not find many Swift
developers around you as compared to other open source languages. Recent
surveys say, only 8.1% of the 78, 000 respondents use Swift, which is lesser
compared to others. And due to frequent updates, Swift is considered to be less
stable with every new release.
7. C#
(C- Sharp)
C-sharp is a
powerful, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000.
C-sharp is utilized in developing desktop applications and more recently,
Windows 8/10 applications and requires a .NET framework to function.
Microsoft
developed C# as a rival to Java. Actually, Sun did not want the interference of
Microsoft to make changes in Java. So, it was created.
C# has a
variety of features which makes it easier to learn for the beginners. The code
is consistent, and logical as compared to C++.
Spotting errors
in C# are easy as it is statically typed language, where the code is checked
before turning it to an application.
In short, it is
perfect to develop web applications, desktop application and also proved itself
in VR, 2D, and 3D gaming. Cross-platform tools like Xamarin have written in C#
makes it all devices compatible.
8. Ruby
An open source,
dynamic programming language, focused on simplicity and productivity, developed
in mid-1990 in Japan. It was designed with themed of simplifying the
programming environment and making more fun.
Ruby becomes
popular by Ruby on Rails framework, a full-stack web framework. Ruby has
dynamically typed language, it does not have hard rules and it is a high-level
language which resembles with the English language to a great extent.
In short, you
can build an application with less line of code. But the challenge of Ruby is
being dynamically typed language, it’s not easy to maintain and its flexibility
makes it’s slow.
9. Objective-C
Objective-C
(ObjC) is an object-oriented programming language. It is used by Apple for the
OS X and iOS operating systems and their application programming interfaces
(APIs). It was developed in the 1980s and came in usage by some of the earliest
operating systems.
Objective-C is
object-oriented, general purpose. You can call it hybrid C because of the
features it adds to C programming language.
10. SQL
SQL (es-que-el)
stands for Structured Query Language, is a programming language to operate
databases. It includes storing, manipulating and retrieving data stored in a
relational database.
SQL keeps data
precise and secure, and it also helps in maintaining the integrity of
databases, irrespective of its size.
SQL is used
today across web frameworks and database applications. If you are well versed
in SQL, you can have better command over data exploration, and
effective decision making.
If you are
planning to opt database management as your career, first go through C or C++.
SQL developers are in great demand and offered high pay scales by reputed
organizations.
Wrapping up!
Since, the software
industry changes with every new update or release. “What is the best
programming language of the world?” is hard. If you want to start your career
as a developer, it is only you who can decide which one is best suited as per
your interest in varying fields.
Let’s choose:
§
Front-end
web development – JavaScript
§
Back-end
web development – JavaScript, Python, Java, PHP, Ruby
§
Desktop
application – Java, C++, Python
§
Mobile
development – Swift, Java, C#
§
Game
development – C++, C#
Once again,
here is the list of top 10 programming languages to start with:
1. JavaScript
2. Python
3. Java
4. C/CPP
5. PHP
6. Swift
7. C#
8. Ruby
9. Objective – C
10. SQL
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